They were the only part of the feared Stasi that was visible to the public, and so were very unpopular within the population[citation needed]. [40][citation needed] It is estimated that[when?] "Annexation (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining) is the administrative action[1] and concept in international law relating to the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state and is generally held to be an illegal act. At first this was blue, but from 1973, the Thlmann pioneers wore a red necktie like the pioneers in the Soviet Union, while the Young Pioneers kept the blue one. Im going to try to recreate the German Empire to its greatest extent. The 1949 start date lets you get in on the action as the titular Iron Curtain is falling and the world is firmly congealing into two ideologically opposed blocs, while the other two dates let you deal with some set-piece crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. In 1979 friendship treaties were signed with Angola, Mozambique and Ethiopia. The Cuban Missile Crisis, would ofcourse be an integral event in the Cold War Mod. However, during the period of military service in the NVA, those responsible (political officer, FDJ secretary) attached great importance to reviving FDJ membership. Because of this, it struggles to accurately represent some of the fuzzier conflicts of this period. [85] These included: 194961, which saw the building of socialism; 19611970 after the Berlin Wall closed off escape was a period of stability and consolidation; 197185 was termed the Honecker Era, and saw closer ties with West Germany; and 198590 saw the decline and extinction of East Germany. Valve Corporation. All that non-kinetic stuff that paradox forgot about after launching the game seems like it would be the right fit. There were two desirable outcomes for each case: that the person was either arrested, tried, and imprisoned for an ostensibly justified reason, or if this could not be achieved that they were debilitated through the application of Zersetzung (transl. Other than scripted events, Asia, Africa, and Latin America never quite felt like the battlegrounds they should have. The final version was mainly based on the work of Heinz Behling. [84] The treaty was then voted into effect prior to the agreed date for Unification by both the Volkskammer and the Bundestag by the constitutionally required two-thirds majorities, effecting on the one hand the extinction of the GDR, and on the other the agreed amendments to the Basic Law of the Federal Republic. HI! This meant an increasingly hierarchical church structure, whereas in the area of religious education, press, and youth organisations, a system of temporary staff was developed, one that took into account the special situation of Caritas, a Catholic charity organisation. The new government introduced a new East German Constitution which defined the German Democratic Republic as a "republic of workers and peasants".[56]. [48][49], On 7 October 1949 the SED established the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic GDR), based on a socialist political constitution establishing its control of the Anti-Fascist National Front of the German Democratic Republic (NF, Nationale Front der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik), an omnibus alliance of every party and mass organisation in East Germany. From 1949 to the early 1970s, West Germany maintained that East Germany was an illegally constituted state. Nevertheless, many musicians strove to explore the existing boundaries. [197][198] An explanation for this, popular in other regions, is the aggressive state atheist policies of the German Democratic Republic's Socialist Unity Party of Germany. The pioneers' uniform consisted of white shirts and blouses bought by their parents, along with blue trousers or skirts until the 1970s and on special occasions. The NF was established to stand for election to the Volkskammer (People's Chamber), the East German parliament. JavaScript is disabled. [citation needed] In 1973, East Germany was recognized by West Germany and vice versa as well as these two German independent countries later together became two separate members of the United Nations on the same year. Until the 1960s, East Germans endured shortages of basic foodstuffs such as sugar and coffee. by Wolfgang Becker,[164] Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others) by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck (won the Academy Award for best Film in a Foreign Language) in 2006,[165] and Alles auf Zucker! (Go for Zucker) by Dani Levi. The reaction to this from Erich Honecker in the "Daily Mirror" of 19 August 1989 was too late and showed the present loss of power: "Habsburg distributed leaflets far into Poland, on which the East German holidaymakers were invited to a picnic. [73][74][75] The local Sopron organizers knew nothing of possible GDR refugees, but envisaged a local party with Austrian and Hungarian participation. For example, I received a bunch of events for the Tito-Stalin split, even though Tito had been deposed and updates on a Korean War that had long since ended. Can't find the option in the peace conference. The smaller Catholic Church in eastern Germany had a fully functioning episcopal hierarchy in full accord with the Vatican. ", "ROTE GITARREN Die Offizielle Homepage", "Interview With Conductor Kurt Masur: 'The Spirit of 1989 Has Been Exhausted', "Brecht Would Not Applaud His Theater Today", "Filmdatenbank | Das Schulgespenst | Inhalt", 2006 Academy Award for "The Lives of Others", "Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives", "Political Pressure Dismantles East German Sports Machine", "Olympics; Coaches Concede That Steroids Fueled East Germany's Success in Swimming", "Sports Doping Statistics Reach Plateau in Germany", "Drug Testing; East German Steroids' Toll: 'They Killed Heidi', "1974 FIFA World Cup Germany, Germany FR", "After the fall: The hidden trauma behind the Berlin Wall", "30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Germany recalls the economic gulf between East and West", "76 E. German Nuclear Incident Described", "East German nuclear plant demolition proves challenging", "Educated women leave east German men behind", "Homesick for a Dictatorship: Majority of Eastern Germans Feel Life Better under Communism", "Rewriting ideal history: The Ostalgie expression in, "Why is everyone in Germany talking about Thuringia and AfD? Apparently, a fairly robust United Nations feature is in the works that will hopefully mitigate some of these issues, but for now, the whole concept of mutually assured destruction feels a bit toothless. & Hodson, Randy (2002). Pioneers wore their uniforms at political events and state holidays such as the workers' demonstrations on May Day, as well as at school festivals and pioneer events.[90]. "The Power of Freedom. If you spot a mistake then you are welcome to fix it. On 1 July, a currency union preceded the political union: the "Ostmark" was abolished, and the Western German "Deutsche Mark" became the common currency. The intentions behind the change of attitude varied from a traditional liberal Lutheran acceptance of secular power to a positive attitude toward socialist ideas.[129]. [136], Bands and singers from other socialist countries were popular, e.g. [90] In the 1960s and 1970s, nearly all schoolchildren between ages 6 and 14 were organised into Young Pioneer or Thlmann Pioneer groups, with the organisations having "nearly two million children" collectively by 1975. The new Bezirke, named after their district centres, were as follows: (i) Rostock, (ii) Neubrandenburg, and (iii) Schwerin created from the Land (state) of Mecklenburg; (iv) Potsdam, (v) Frankfurt (Oder), and (vii) Cottbus from Brandenburg; (vi) Magdeburg and (viii) Halle from Saxony-Anhalt; (ix) Leipzig, (xi) Dresden, and (xii) Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz until 1953 and again from 1990) from Saxony; and (x) Erfurt, (xiii) Gera, and (xiv) Suhl from Thuringia. [10] Prices of housing, basic goods and services were heavily subsidized and set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand. East Germans with friends or relatives in the West (or with any access to a hard currency) and the necessary Staatsbank foreign currency account could afford Western products and export-quality East German products via Intershop. [72] The patrons of the picnic, Habsburg and Hungarian Minister of State Imre Pozsgay, who did not attend the event, saw the planned event as an opportunity to test Mikhail Gorbachev's reaction to an opening of the border on the Iron Curtain. For allied powers, type event germany.118 (your country tag) and for soviets event germany.119 SOV. [173], The state security service (SSD) was commonly known as the Stasi, and it was fundamental to the socialist leadership's attempts to reach their historical goal. "[154][k], The Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin is the last major building erected by the GDR, making it an exceptional architectural testimony to how Germany overcame its former division. The East German population declined by three million people throughout its forty-one year history, from 19million in 1948 to 16million in 1990; of the 1948 population, some four million were deported from the lands east of the Oder-Neisse line, which made the home of millions of Germans part of Poland and the Soviet Union. In the 1970s official cooperation was established with other self-proclaimed socialist governments and people's republics: People's Republic of the Congo, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Somali Democratic Republic, Libya, and the People's Republic of Benin. There is general consensus among academics that the GDR fulfilled most of the criteria to be considered a totalitarian state. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The Pioneer songs were sung at any opportunity, including the following titles: Freie Deutsche Jugend, organization was meant for young people, both male and female, between the ages of 14 and 25 and comprised about 75% of the young population of former East Germany. For example, Thomas Natschinski's band had to change its English name "Team 4" to the German name "Thomas Natschinski and his group". These young people grew up hearing double talk. I have gathered some important event during 1950 and 1960. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, 60. [46], The deepening Cold War conflict between the Western Powers and the Soviet Union over the unresolved status of West Berlin led to the Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 12 May 1949). I have to said,since i start to made this mod,work for debug made me hypertension for 4 years. [145] Kurt Masur was their prominent conductor. Standard of the President of the German Democratic Republic [citation needed], Theatre and cabaret had high status in the GDR, which allowed it to be very proactive. For more information, please see our Jump to navigation Jump to search . [81] On 3 October 1990, the five states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany, while East and West Berlin united as a third city-state (in the same manner as Bremen and Hamburg). EU4 Country Tags Victoria 2 Country Tags Stellaris Planet Classes In contrast to the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries, a blue scarf was common in the GDR. There are new mechanics for tweaking the social and fiscal policy of your nation, more than a dozen new types of buildings, and a built-from-the-ground-up economic system that adds debt, GDP, investment, and resources into the otherwise barebones HoI4 economic system of civilian and military factories. There were four periods in East German political history. Ritter, Gerhard A. ), Standard of the Chairman of the Council of State 19601990. It probably wouldnt hurt to lean a little more on the more sandbox elements of HoI4 that have fallen by the wayside things like improving diplomatic relations, raising party popularity, and backing coups. HoI4 - Cold War The Iron Curtain - West Germany - YouTube Emblem of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (19501990), Flag of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (19501990), Ernst Thlmann Pioneer Organisation Emblem (13 December 1948 August 1990), Ernst Thlmann Pioneer Organisation Flag (13 December 1948 August 1990), Young Pioneers and the Thlmann Pioneers, was a youth organisation of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 in East Germany. The government of East Germany had control over a large number of military and paramilitary organisations through various ministries. [50], On 16 June 1953, workers constructing the new Stalinallee boulevard in East Berlin according to the GDR's officially promulgated Sixteen Principles of Urban Design, rioted against a 10% production-quota increase. Consumer goods also were available, by post, from the Danish Jauerfood, and Genex companies. The SED destroyed a number of symbolic relics of the former Prussian aristocracy: Junker manor-houses were torn down, the Berliner Stadtschlo was razed, and the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great was removed from East Berlin. He warns German society should watch out in case Ostalgie results in a distortion and romanticization of the past.[192][193]. The mod is fairly stable but did crash on me a few times. I think instead of just posting one sentance suggestions you could post an event idea that could include trigger, outcome, options etc. The change was approved in the Volkskammer on 1 December 1989 by a vote of 420 to 0.[83]. West Germany, in contrast, maintained that it was the only legitimate government of Germany. Please see the. Was not an official holiday after 1967. The structural issues, however, are a bit more serious and demand closer scrutiny. "A quote is easy to forge" - Julius Caesar. You must log in or register to reply here. But why? Polish events - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis [133] Compared to the music of the FRG, the freedom of art was less restricted by private-sector guidelines, but by guidelines from the state and the SED. While the Ulbricht government had experimented with liberal reforms, the Honecker government reversed them. HOI4 Event ID List | HOI4 Cheats The sums were so large that public debt in Germany more than doubled. [citation needed], After Brecht's death, conflicts began to arise between his family (around Helene Weigel) and other artists about Brecht's legacy, including Slatan Dudow,[149] Erwin Geschonneck,[150] Erwin Strittmatter, Peter Hacks, Benno Besson,[151] Peter Palitzsch[152] and Ekkehard Schall. Udo Lindenberg, for example, had similar problems. East Germany held its last election in March 1990. The following year, a free and fair election was held in the country[20] and international negotiations between four occupation Allied countries and two German countries led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty to replace the Potsdam Agreement on the status and border of future-reunited Germany. A bunch of events had some typos and weird symbols where special characters should be. There were also other Protestants such as Methodists, Adventists, Mennonites and Quakers. The government used money and prices as political devices, providing highly subsidised prices for a wide range of basic goods and services, in what was known as "the second pay packet". [2] It is distinct from conquest, which refers to the acquisition of control over a territory involving a change of sovereignty,[3][4] and differs from cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty, since annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized and held by one state. After receiving wider international diplomatic recognition in 197273, the GDR began active cooperation with Third World socialist governments and national liberation movements. Cold War Mod - Events | Paradox Interactive Forums Geographically, the GDR bordered the Baltic Sea to the north, Poland to the east, Czechoslovakia to the southeast and West Germany to the southwest and west. Initially, East Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, a claim supported by most of the Communist bloc. Boroch, Wilfried (1996), "Social policy as an institutional transformation problem", The shortest history of Germany, James Hawes (2018), federal office of political education [23 June 2009], Mary Fulbrook, "The Limits Of Totalitarianism: God, State and Society in the GDR,". German Democratic Republic: long history of sustained economic growth continues; 1989 may be an advantageous year to consider this market Business Outlook Abroad: Current Reports from the Foreign Service", "Eugene Register-Guard Google News Archive Search", "Files: 350 dies trying to flee East Germany", "Krenz, Schabowski und Kleiber hatten sich nichts mehr zu sagen", "LeMO Kapitel: Zwangsvereinigung zur SED", Anna M. Cienciala "History 557 Lecture Notes", "Political prisoners in the German Democratic Republic", East Berlin 17 June 1953: Stones Against Tanks, " Buchenwald, les antifascistes ont perdu la guerre mmorielle", "Die DDR als Zankapfel in Forschung und Politik", "Die Berliner Mauer begann im Burgenland zu brckeln", "DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln", "Paneuropisches Picknick Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit", "Free German Youth 19491990 (East Germany)", "Germany Population Historical Background", "Zusammenfassende bersichten Eheschlieungen, Geborene und Gestorbene 1946 bis 2015", "East German Military: Warsaw Pact's Finest", "The GDR and the PLO: East Germany's Palestine Policy", "Targeting the Periphery: The Role of Iceland in East German Foreign Policy, 1949-89", "Planning Ahead and Falling Behind: The East German Economy in Comparison with West Germany 19362002", "Ich liebe Thringen, ich liebe Deutschland", "Dialogue as a Strategy of Struggle: Religious Politics in East Germany, 19571968", "The Secret of East German Censorship Who's Watching Who? In this series we will be playing as Eastern Germany or DDR our goal will be to gain some sort of independence. Both of these networks were run by the Deutsche Post der DDR (East German Post Office). . "[citation needed] Tens of thousands of East Germans, alerted by the media, made their way to Hungary, which was no longer ready to keep its borders completely closed or force its border troops to open fire on escapees. For the consumer, it led to the substitution of GDR money with time, barter, and hard currencies. The nuclear Sword of Damocles never quite felt like it was hovering over me. Mikls Nmeth in Interview, Austrian TV ORF "Report", 25 June 2019. Valve Corporation. ), Standard of the President 19551960(The standard was maintained until 7 September 1960, when Wilhelm Pieck died and the presidency was abolished. It was estimated that altogether, 2,0004,000 DDR military and security experts were dispatched to Africa. [123] In 1957 the State authorities established a State Secretariat for Church Affairs to handle the government's contact with churches and with religious groups;[124] the SED remained officially atheist.[125]. The government was no longer regarded as illegitimate; instead, the church leaders started viewing the authorities as installed by God and, therefore, deserving of obedience by Christians. There was no fixed wearing style. The full package:Check out our Hearts of Iron 4 DLC guide. In the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, partly thanks to the U.S.-led boycott, East Germany won over a total of 126 Olympic medals, finishing second place behind the Soviet Union. Hopefully, by the time it gets to a full release, it will be there. In the 1990s, the 'state anti-fascism' of the GDR gave way to the 'state anti-communism' of the FRG. You are using an out of date browser. The orders and decorations that ordinary FDJ members received until the end of their membership at the age of 19 to 24 usually the badge of good knowledge were usually not worn. [115], During the Cold War, especially during its early years, the East German government attempted to build closer diplomatic relations and trade links between Iceland and East Germany. Oxford Historical Monographs. Another society of note was the Society for German-Soviet Friendship. [5] It usually follows military occupation of a territory.[1]. From the 1960s, the requirement of trousers/skirt was dispensed with in many places, and the dress code was also relaxed with regard to the cap. On the discussion about Social Democrats joining the SED see Steffen Kachel, Entscheidung fr die SED 1946 ein Verrat an sozialdemokratischen Idealen?, in: Steininger, Rolf (1990). In this mod we add 1947,1950,1956,1961,1965,1978,1984,1889,8 scenarios in the game,remake the tech tree,focus tree,cabinet system and add 2 new system:United Nations and Space Explore,but some of them are still test version,so please tell us your idea to help us finish it. Oxford: Clarendon, 2004, 378. West Germany and East Germany decided to unify and became today's Germany. The East German Administrative Reform of 1952 established 14 Bezirke (districts) and de facto disestablished the five Lnder. [54], In 1971, Ulbricht was removed from leadership after Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev supported his ouster;[55] Erich Honecker replaced him. After unification, the existing network was largely replaced, and area codes and dialing became standardised. For example, the song by Udo Jrgens Es war einmal ein Luftballon (Once Upon a Time There Was a Balloon) was put on the Index because of the line "They know no borders, the balloons of the world". The estimated 1984 per capita income was $9,800 ($22,600 in 2015 dollars) (this is based on an unreal official exchange rate). German events 2 - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis There was also a Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, with seats in the Volkskammer. Contents 1id 1 - 20 1.1Anschluss 1.2Anti-Comintern Pact 1.3The Tripartite Pact 1.4The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 1.5Moscow Signs the Pact 1.6Moscow Rejects the Pact 1.7The Partitioning of Poland 1.8Germany Honors the Pact 1.9Germany Betrays the Pact Warhammer 40k Imperator Titan walks at Warhammer Fest 2023, Full reveal of Warhammer 40k 10th edition starter set Leviathan, 8 new rules we learned playing Warhammer 40k 10th edition, Warhammer The Old World won't have a starter set, GW says, Super cheap Warhammer 40k alternative uses a single Lego set, Overlooked MTG March of the Machine card spikes by over 300%, For more Warhammer, MTG, and DnD, follow us on. Korean War could escalate World War III if USSR send more troops & supplies. Gomez Gutirrez, J. J., & Bruschi, V. (2003). [129], After 1945, the Church did fairly well in integrating Catholic exiles from lands to the east (which mostly became part of Poland) and in adjusting its institutional structures to meet the needs of a church within an officially atheist society. The five original East German states that had been abolished in the 1952 redistricting were restored. You are using an out of date browser. On the other hand, the new regime made relatively few changes in the historically independent domains of the sciences, the engineering professions,[33]:185189 the Protestant churches,[33]:190 and in many bourgeois lifestyles. As of 2009, more Germans are non-believers in Eastern Germany than Western Germany. [26] Before World War II, Ostdeutschland (eastern Germany) was used to describe all the territories east of the Elbe (East Elbia), as reflected in the works of sociologist Max Weber and political theorist Carl Schmitt. FC Magdeburg, FC Carl Zeiss Jena, 1. Youth Politics in East Germany: The Free German Youth Movement, 19461968. Both Pioneer groups would often have massive parades, honoring and celebrating the Socialist success of their nations. [161], Frank Beyer's Jakob der Lgner (Jacob the Liar), about the Holocaust, and Fnf Patronenhlsen (Five Cartridges), about resistance against fascism, became internationally famous. You could have it fire after the peace conference, setting the world state how you want it. No one was exempt from this, not even famous artists with connections to the highest circles of the SED government. [171], Television and radio in East Germany were state-run industries; the Rundfunk der DDR was the official radio broadcasting organisation from 1952 until unification. Contents 1 Eastward Expansion 2 Soviet Union Demands the East 3 Poland Cedes the East 4 Poland Refuses to Cede the East "Each spring, millions of workmen from all parts of western Russia arrived in eastern Germany, which, in political language, is called East Elbia." Redirect page. It has to be in Germany first. (27 February 1989). Sports teachers at school were encouraged to look for certain talents in children of ages 6 to 10. "[176], The more direct forms of repression such as arrest and torture could mean significant international condemnation for the GDR. West Germany's allies shared this position until 1973. All were required to open live performances and albums with the East German national anthem. If you have a related Youtube channel, enter the URL. There have been several debates about whether Germany missed a chance for reunification in 1952. This item requires all of the following DLC, This item requires all of the following other items, and its crashing during first loading screen. Why Kaiserreich is the ultimate Hearts of Iron 4 mod, The New Order is a narrative-driven Hearts of Iron 4 mod that's compelling and bleak, NonCombatTabletop is like Warhammer, without the war, GW, please dont make Henry Cavill the Warhammer 40k Emperor, Why Lord of the Rings 5e exists, according to its designer. This was recited at the raising of the flag. HOI4 Country Tags List | HOI4 Cheats HOI4 Console Commands Country Tags Hearts of Iron 4 Country Tags Find below a searchable list of all HOI4 country tags, for use with console commands such as the tag command. The German Question: The Stalin Note of 1952 and the Problem of Reunification. 1. With videos such as Beat Street and Wild Style, young East Germans were able to develop a hip hop culture of their own. [clarification needed][51][52], The German war reparations owed to the Soviets impoverished the Soviet Zone of Occupation and severely weakened the East German economy. But often the only thing worn was the most important sign of the future socialist the triangular necktie. East Germany had a revolutionary technology for two-stroke engines called expansion chamber, allowing them to win motorcycle races with little competition. Such recognition has not only never been formally pronounced by the Federal Republic of Germany but on the contrary repeatedly explicitly rejected. The impetus for this exodus of East Germans was the removal of the electrified fence along Hungary's border with Austria on 2 May 1989. It was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. The flag was surrounded by a stripe of yellow color. As in other Soviet-bloc countries, non-communist political parties were allowed. [142] East Germans accepted hip hop as more than just a music form. [90], The program was designed to follow the Soviet Pioneer program Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization. I'm pretty sure the Soviets are supposed to get an event or something called the Yalta Conference and you can agree to split Germany or not. However, in 1961, the share of former NSDAP members among the senior administration staff was less than 10% in the GDR, compared to 67% in the FRG. Enter the full URL of your item or group's Polycount page, Enter the full URL of your item or group's reddit page, Enter the full URL to your item or group's Sketchfab page, This item has been removed from the community because it violates Steam Community & Content Guidelines. [139] Hungarian band Omega performed in both German states, and Yugoslavian band Korni Grupa toured East Germany in the 1970s. - Horace Walpole. #0016 - Pvt. Webraved the time-shift from Hearts of Irons home turf of WW2 to give you the latest on this ambitious project. [195][196] Eastern Germany, which was historically Protestant,[105] is perhaps the least religious region in the world. The Soviet army initiated the blockade by halting all Allied rail, road, and water traffic to and from West Berlin. The Catholic Church as a whole (and particularly the bishops) resisted both the East German state and Marxist-Leninist ideology. [88], The group was a subdivision of the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ, Free German Youth), East Germany's youth movement. As of right now, CWIC hasnt yet found a way to get this square peg into the round hole. You can purchase Hearts of Iron IVand download Cold War Iron Curtain: A World Divided right now. HOI4 Console Commands Event IDs Hearts of Iron IV Event IDs Below is a searchable list of all event names and event codes from Hearts of Iron 4 on Steam (PC / Mac). [116], The East German economy began poorly because of the devastation caused by the Second World War; the loss of so many young soldiers, the disruption of business and transportation, the allied bombing campaigns that decimated cities, and reparations owed to the USSR. This is a list of all Poland 's events (from /Hearts of Iron IV/events/Poland.txt ). It is only visible to you. "[189], In addition, many East German women found the west more appealing, and left the region never to return, leaving behind an underclass of poorly educated and jobless men. In 1985, collective (state) enterprises earned 96.7% of the net national income. During the early postwar years, tensions were high. For example, the economist Jrg Roesler see: Jrg Roesler: Ein Anderes Deutschland war mglich.