Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda, Nature, extent and treatment of opposition, The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power, Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies, The impact of policies on women and minorities, Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved. Although not really fascist, these governments were heavily influenced by military and industrial leaders because both sectors wanted Japan to take over territories in Asia. Due to the forced signing of the treaty, there . Introduction to IB History Paper 2 - IB Wisdom Compare and contrast the importance of propaganda to the emergence of two authoritarian states. In Eritrea, President Isaias Afwerki did not speak to the country from mid-February through mid-April. Thomas Carothers, co-director of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peaces Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, is a leading expert on comparative democratization and international support for democracy. Historical Conditions. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. In the aftermath of World War I, Germans struggled to understand their countrys uncertain future. It may be all, some, or none: Photo of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini walking besides decorated members of the Italian military. 93-4 - Outline the relationship between Cuba + the USSR over the 1960s. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. Separately, Chinas envoy to the EU, Fu Cong, said in an interview published on Monday that Beijings cooperation with Europe and other nations was endless, just as its ties with Russia were unlimited. PDF Authoritarian State (Castro) - DocDroid Thousands of Germans waited in lines for work and food in the early 1920s. Following a series of planned demonstrations known as the March on Rome, Mussolini was named Prime Minister by the King of Italy. IB2 History/ Susanna Soininen -November criminals - stabbed in the back. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. Sources in the CBI told The Sunday Guardian that the Bureau is likely to widen the scope . Green Politics Could Have an Outsized Impact on Trkiyes Elections, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. Four key weaknesses are manifest. She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. The Fascists argued that in invading Libya, they were creating a new Roman Empire, thus playing to Italian nationalism. PDF Making Sense of Competitive Authoritarianism: Lessons from - Cambridge In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. But we can also see similarities in the ways that they emerged. What distinguished Italian Fascism from Nazisms biological view of race? Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. Many authoritarian and authoritarian-leaning governments have not responded well to the pandemic. This is not war, one wounded soldier wrote home. Standards of behavior were changing. However, as we have seen, Mussolini's compromises with conservatives and liberal elites put up too many obstacles for this plan to succeed. IB History HL & SL Authoritarian States (Hitler) notes Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of . In what ways did Mussolini pursue an aggressive foreign policy? The EU is an important trading partner for China as it reboots its economy after three years of zero-Covid. China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam . GOEBBELS [speaking German]: The result was a state that, while authoritarian, was never really totalitarian within the territory of Italy. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union dont have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement confirming their status as sovereign nations, he said. Authoritarian states DO NOT emerge in times of peace and prosperity. Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) Royal, colonial and authoritarian legacies in Myanmar - ResearchGate Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states (15) Economic factors play a major role in any nation and as authoritarian states rise and fall throughout All rights reserved. (May 10 TZ1), Assess the importance of economic distress and ideological appeal in the rise to power of one left-wing and one right-wing single-party ruler. After nearly two years of fighting and more than one-hundred deaths, the Fascists had defeated the Socialists. Furthermore, Mussolini brought discipline to the party and aligned it more uniformly with the aims of the state. In 1938 Mussolini published a "Manifesto of Fascist Racism." How were German and Italian justifications for expansion similar? How did conditions in Germany and Europe at the end of World War I contribute to the rise and triumph of Nazism in Germany. And indeed, rising instability, aggression, racism, and fear triggered the eruption of the Second World War. A devastating biological virus has translated into a damaging political virus that has markedly eroded the overall state of freedom in the world in just six months. The French foreign ministry said Lu would be given a stern rebuke, Germany said Beijing must clarify its stance, and the Czech foreign minister, Jan Lipavsk, described the remarks as totally unacceptable. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. The state decided who was an enemy quickly, arbitrarily (randomly), and irreversibly. That meant they could hinder the Fascist agenda, if they wanted. Japan already had some colonies, including Korea, but many military and business leaders argued that Japan deserved to rule most of Asia. For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. economic factors'. France and the three Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia were among the member states on Monday to summon Chinas envoys to account for the comments made late last week by Lu Shaye, which sparked a wave of outrage across Europe. Mussolini Flashcards | Quizlet -continued to have a relationship It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. Both emerged as democratic post-colonial states. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program! Paper Two essays will expect students to analyse one or two authoritarian states on a topic inked to one of the themes on the prescribed content. Adolf Hitler. (Nov 2006. (Nov 2009), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . How colonial rule predisposed Africa to fragile authoritarianism On November 21, "squads" of Blackshirts launched an attack on the Socialists in Bologna. Rightwing propaganda and demonstrations played on fears of a Communist revolution spreading from the Soviet Union. He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya. Russia has lost its soft power: how war in Ukraine destabilises old Soviet allies, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, . - How did Cuba survive this economic crisis according to Balfour? This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. His position and apparent support for Chinas efforts to play peacemaker in the Russian invasion of Ukraine contrasts with a more hawkish approach from the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen. Through violence, they had become what one historian called, "a. A third phrase promoting the "chosen leader" view in the contemporary political context is perhaps the most dangerous, and that is the idea of an "end-time judge" who declares what is good . - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. The Path to Nazi Genocide, NARRATOR: Although many Japanese civilians were not supportive of these military efforts, it became dangerous to question the government or the military. The Hitler Youth in Germany, for example, had much in common with Mussolini's youth associations. Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation-state, while Nazism is a specific form of fascism that is based on the belief in racial superiority. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union "don't have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement . 94 - How Communist was Castro? In Singapores elections in early July, the main opposition party won more seats than any opposition force has in decades, at least partly due to citizens discontent over the governments pandemic response. Angry, aggrieved citizens are not a solid foundation for regime durability. We demand vengeance!. Hitlers ideological goals included territorial expansion, consolidation of a racially pure state, and elimination of the European Jews and other perceived enemies of Germany. In fact, the German military had quietly sought an end to the war it could no longer win in 1918. Italian fascism emerged in the economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s. At home, meanwhile, the Japanese government increasingly pushed down any opposition to their war effort. Conditions That Led to Emergence of Authoritarian State in 20th Century