This caused delays in the mission as Kubi had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. Adolf Eichmann. [40] Heydrich developed a fever of 3839C (100.4102.2F) and wound drainage, and he was in great pain. According to Krivosheev "The figures in the Wehrmacht documents relating to Germany's war losses are therefore contradictory and unreliable. In addition, the events have been featured in several well-known dramatic films (this taking place in the general context of World War II in popular culture and specifically Reinhard Heydrich in popular culture). [11] As well as terrorizing the opposition and establishing the Theresienstadt ghetto/concentration camp, Heydrich had overseen a progressive policy of good wages (equivalent to those in Germany) for industrial workers and farmers, which had a pacifying effect (acts of sabotage dropped by three-quarters in six months) and helped cooperative production of war materials. WebOn September 1, 1939 there were only 508 General Staff officers to fill the 589 General Staff positions. [12] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was infuriated enough by the scale of reprisals to suggest levelling three German villages for every Czech village that the Nazis destroyed. We are Czechs! According to a report published by the Reuters News Agency, on July29 1945 highly confidential archives found at Flensburg, in the house of General Reinecke showed German losses up to November 30, 1944, as 3.6 million, detailed in the following schedule. Marshall's figure is 128,000. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. - The Statistisches Bundesamt defined the others as "emigrated Germans, POW remaining abroad voluntarily, and German concentration camp deaths" (deutsche KZ-Opfer). pp. Maurice Rose: The Highest Ranking US Officer Killed By the Enemy Figure includes deaths actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. [39] A German wartime report on the incident stated, "[d]eath occurred as a consequence of lesions in the vital parenchymatous organs caused by bacteria and possibly by poisons carried into them by bomb splinters". (Not including living POWs still held.). The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. I HATE this guy. (over 300,000 plus 1,500,000. He was a nazi, which makes him a bad person already. [26] Josef Valk (from group Silver A) was positioned about 100 m (109 yards) north of Gabk and Kubi to look out for the approaching car. By 1950 the Soviets reported that they had repatriated all German prisoners of war except a small number of convicted war criminals. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 435,600. In the spring of 1945, as Russian tanks steamrolled towards Berlin, high-ranking Nazi officials began to weigh up their options. -Emigrated & murdered Jews- The Statistisches Bundesamt (German government Statistical Office) gave a total of 200,000 Jews who had emigrated or were murdered, they did not estimate those actually who were murdered. Some chose suicide; Adolf Hitler Klein, whose gun was still jammed, ran into the shop and collided with Gabk in the doorway. WebPages in category "German military personnel killed in World War II" The following 140 pages are in this category, out of 140 total. The German historian Rdiger Overmans used the files of WASt) to conduct his research project on German military casualties. (German Federal Statistical Office), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78, Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Below is a list of American general officers and flag officers who have been killed in [15][131]:17 The German historian Rdiger Overmans maintains that there are more arguments for a lower figure of 500,000 rather than the higher figures of over 2.0 million. A recent study by German historian Rdiger Overmans found that the German military casualties were 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria and in east-central Europe, higher than those originally reported by the German high command. Nikdy se nevzdme! Later on, it commenced to track German casualties again starting from 1946 after the World War II. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum. Figures do not include POW deaths of 363,000 in Soviet captivity; these losses were listed separately by Overmans. WebMaurice Rose: The Highest Ranking US Officer Killed By the Enemy In Europe During WWII. (transl. The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. [116][117], In 1951, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence the editor of the Statistical Year Book of the League of Nations, provided an assessment of German military losses based on a demographic analysis of the European population from 1939 to 1947. Discussions on High Command, strategy and the Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) in general. The missing (697,319) does not include confirmed deaths in captivity, however on page 288 Overmans mentions 400,000 missing in the East in 1945 and states that this figure of missing was based on his finding that two thirds of deaths during the "final battles" occurred in the East of Germany. Professor Hollbaum (a Silesian German who was chairman of surgery at Charles University in Prague) operated on Heydrich with Diek and Slanina's assistance. Ambrose maintains that the figure of 800,000 POW missing from the US records was a bookkeeping error, that many POW were released and no records were maintained. Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there. The gap in vital statistics between the middle of 1944 and the end of 1945 was estimated. Monthly Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians and conscripted ethnic Germans. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. The operation was initiated by Frantiek Moravec, head of the Czechoslovak intelligence services, with the knowledge and approval of Bene, almost as soon as Heydrich was appointed Protector. Maurice Rose: The Highest Ranking US Officer Killed By the Enemy World War II 12224. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Hubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. at 215,000. "Many a German walked mile after mile before finding an American not too occupied with other duties to bother to accept his surrender. Overmans was an associate of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office from 1987 until 2004 and was on the faculty of the University of Freiburg from 1996 to 2001. As Klein came towards him, Kubi recovered, jumped on his bicycle and pedaled away, scattering passengers spilling from the tram by firing in the air with his Colt M1903 pistol. highest ranking officer killed In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing raids. Officer [115]) Marshall's figure for China is much lower than that of the Relief Bureau (126,000 vs. 435,600), but for the theaters where Japanese forces confronted American and British Empire forces the sum of Marshall's figures (1,093,000) is slightly higher than the sum of the Relief Bureau's figures for these theaters (1,020,900). Krivosheev gave a separate set of statistics that put losses at 2,230,000 Killed; 2,400,000 missing and 5,240,000 wounded. Marshall's figure for the South Pacific is 684,000. Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). -Net immigration-German refugees were ethnic Germans of Eastern Europe who lived outside Germany in 1937 borders before the war. . Overmans estimates the actual death toll of German POWs is about 1.1 million men (including 1.0 million in the USSR); he maintains that among those reported as missing were men who actually died as prisoners. Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. [136], The Soviets set up NKVD special camps in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and areas east of the Oder-Neisse line to intern Germans accused of alleged ties to the Nazis, or because they were hindering the establishment of Stalinism in East Germany. [4] Ji ulc's novel Dva proti i (literally Two Men Against The Empire) describes the events long before the assassination, assassination itself, its consequences and a detailed look at the life of the Czech resistance and exiled paratroopers in the Protectorate. This is assumed to include the following regions listed by the Japanese Relief Bureau: Bonin Islands, Okinawa, Formosa (Taiwan), Islands of Central Pacific. [169], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. WebThere are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. WebAlfred Jodl (ca. -Population May 1939 Census- These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, they do not include Austria or the ethnic Germans of East Europe. Sources for figures: Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German government Statistical Office). The schedule below details the statistics published by the West German government 1956. Deaths of POW were 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. ), Indicative of the huge discrepancy are the. WebOn 9 June 1942, the Germans committed the Lidice massacre; 199 men were killed, 195 women were deported to Ravensbrck concentration camp, and 95 children taken prisoner. by tigre 29 Feb 2008, 20:30, Post Jan Hrub, who died in the fight with German troops in the crypt of the Church of Saint Cyril and Methodius, Memorial in the crypt of the Church of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5074N 142751E / 50.11778N 14.46417E / 50.11778; 14.46417 (Assassination location in Prague). For the. -Germans remaining abroad-Includes expelled Germans who had emigrated to other countries or were in Denmark. Nic se vm nestane! Certainly a top Nazi anyways. Operation Anthropoid was the only successful government-organized assassination of a top-ranking Nazi official. Multiple memorials have been created in different nations such as in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and in the United Kingdom as a result of both the assassination and its aftermath. The Slovak National Museum opened an exhibition in May 2007 to commemorate the heroes of the Czech and Slovak resistance, one of the most important resistance actions in the whole of German-occupied Europe. by tigre 18 Apr 2008, 21:53, Post The tight curve there would force Heydrich's car to slow down as it turned westwards into V Holeovikch. [62] Ata was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiance, her mother, and her brother.[63]. [57] On 9 June 1942, the Germans committed the Lidice massacre; 199 men were killed, 195 women were deported to Ravensbrck concentration camp, and 95 children taken prisoner. To further compound this problem, some 93 of these officers were not in Bonn 1989, Germany reports. WebWW2 Mysteries. The British General Percival (Singapore) and the US General Wainwright (the Philippines) were captured by the Japanese in 1942 and incarcerated until the end of the war in 1945. (A parallel Polish summary translation was also included, this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994. [163] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. In 1949 he published an article in the newspaper Die Zeit, in which he listed OKW Casualty Figures[21] these figures also appeared in a multi-volume edition of the OKW diaries. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. The US military historian Stephen Ambrose was co-editor of the book Eisenhower and the German POWs in which he refutes Bacque's claims. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Page 202", "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. 1892-1946) was a top German military officer during World War II and part of the leadership cadre around Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. 5 p153, The Allied armies in the west captured more than 1,500,000 prisoners during April., In the last sixteen days of April, (over) 951,827 Germans were captured to make a total of (over) 1,500,000 for the whole of April, see Ref. Many civilians were indeed wary and fearful of further reprisals, making hiding information much longer increasingly difficult. [35][36] At this point, Gabk and Kubi did not know that Heydrich was wounded and thought the attack had failed.[37][29]. The Nazi prisoners bugged by Germans His post mortem examination showed none of the usual signs of sepsis, although infection of the wound and areas surrounding the lungs and heart was reported. Nothing happened to me either.) Bacque maintains that there has been a conspiracy by the United States to cover up these losses. -POW still held by Allies- 1,750,000 POW from Germany within in the 1937 borders were still held by the allies in October 1946. [48] Based on his research, Rdiger Overmans believes that the deaths of 459,000 dead POWs can be confirmed in the files of Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt)(including 363,000 in the USSR). A Czech woman and an off-duty policeman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. Overall, Overmans estimates losses for the entire war on the Eastern front at 4 million and in the West 1 million. The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. Oldenbourg 2000. The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not talk, his father would be next; Ata gave in. by Lornito Uriarte Mahinay Jr. 19 Apr 2008, 11:42, Post The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. One is by Jan Vytal, from Czech country band Greenhorns, called Battledress (2006). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. A Gestapo report suggested Lidice was the hiding place of the assassins, since several Czech army officers exiled in England were known to have come from there. WebThe Tragedy of Lieutenant General Lesley McNair: The Highest Ranking US Soldier Killed in WWII. He estimated total air raid deaths at 353,000. [61], urda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in ikov. [29], Heydrich and Klein leapt out of the shattered Mercedes with drawn pistols; Klein ran towards Kubi, who had staggered against the railings, while Heydrich went to Gabk, who stood paralyzed holding the Sten. [75], The National Memorial to the Heroes of the Heydrich Terror was created beneath the Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 1995. Kubi received a minor wound to his face from the shrapnel. Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians, conscripted ethnic Germans, Volkssturm, and other paramilitary forces. [164] The Federation of Expellees has represented the interests of Germans from Eastern Europe. If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits. McNair had been commander of Army ground forces and was responsible for The headquarters of the Czechoslovak military training camp during World War II were in Leamington.[77]. The exiled government of Czechoslovakia under President Edvard Bene was under pressure from British intelligence, as there had been very little visible resistance since the occupation of the Sudeten regions of the country in 1938. Traitor Karel urda was hanged for high treason in 1947 after attempting suicide. Reinhard Heydrich, the commander of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), the acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust,[1] was assassinated during World War II in a coordinated operation by the Czechoslovak resistance. Postoperative care included administration of large amounts of morphine. [78], In October 2011, a memorial plaque was unveiled on residential block Porchester Gate (London), which housed the Czechoslovak military intelligence service and where the Operation Anthropoid was planned in October 1941.[79][80]. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 163,000. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkrieges. The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General Government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Brkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him. Five US generals killed in action - BBC News [124], 2- The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded[125][126], 3-The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000[127][126] According to the report "no complete and accurate figures on German civilian air raid casualties, covering the entire period of the war, are available". Re: German General Officer casualties in WW II. [1][2] The German government reported that its records list 4.3 million dead and missing military personnel. WebThe report of G. I. Krivosheev shows that of all the men serving in the military during the war, there were about 4,559,000 reported missing (including 3,396,400 per field reports and an additional 1,162,600 estimated by Krivosheev), out of which 500,000 were missing and presumed dead, 939,700 were conscripted back into the Soviet army during the As the Mercedes braked in front of him, Kubi, who was not spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a modified anti-tank grenade[27] (concealed in a briefcase) at the car; he misjudged his throw. Accordingly, the number of German killed and wounded was much higher in the East than in the West. [110] Of these 1,647,200 were in the army and 473,800 were in the naval forces. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. [46] According to this theory, based on statements made by Paul Fildes, a Porton Down botulism researcher, the No. -Live births- are those actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. In particular, Bene felt that a dramatic action displaying a Czech contribution to the Allied cause would make it politically harder for the British to forge any possible peace agreement with Germany that would undermine Czech national interests. [109] According to the Japanese Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, a total of 2,121,000 Japanese servicemen perished in WWII. [151] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. Suddenly, Heydrich doubled over and staggered to the side of the road in pain. German They were given considerable freedom and mixed with local people. The system was not uniform because various military branches such as the Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen SS and the military hospitals each had different systems of reporting. The last part covers projects and institutions providing e.g. [7][8][9][10][4] The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. Post Figures do not include prisoners held by Allies. Note: This category is intended solely for those members of the German armed forces killed as a result of their military service and not those executed during internal purges, or those who died in Allied custody post-war. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002 Pages 272-273, Overmans has made the following points in Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. He believes that the previous studies by the German government should be subject to critical revision and new research is needed to establish the actual number of expulsion deaths.[138]. Comrades, surrender! Many men who went missing or were taken prisoner were not included in the German High Command (OKW) figures. On the other hand, Overmans states that "300,000 soldiers per month" (p.275), "that is, 10,000 men per day" (p.279, cf. "Heydrich Is Dead; Czech Toll At 178," pg 1, The New York Times, 5 June 1942. Later, it underwent significant reconstruction and the extended exposition was reopened in 2010. Of the 2 million presumed dead, Overmans believes 700,000 died in Soviet custody without being reported as POWs. [12] Heydrich was chosen over Karl Hermann Frank as an assassination target due to his status as the acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia as well as his reputation for terrorizing local citizens. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. What country killed the most German soldiers in World war 2? Day Commanders: Onshore Leaders of the Invasion Left: McNair as Army Ground Forces commander. Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. They also brought along urda, who tried to get them to surrender by shouting: "Kamardi, vzdejte se! One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. The organisation was founded on 16 December 1919 to look after the World War I soldiers' graves. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. [133] Not included in these figures are civilians who died in the fighting and atrocities in East-Prussia (Konigsberg, Pillau), Pommerania (Danzig, Kolberg) and Silesia (Breslau). Adolf Oplka's aunt, Marie Oplkov, was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolm was also killed. The commission has already built more than 300 cemeteries from World War II and 190 from World War I all over Europe.[170]. by tigre 14 Mar 2008, 21:38, Post This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. [30] For the entire year 1945 Overmans puts total losses at 1,540,000 (1,230,045 in the final battles; 57,495 in other theaters and 252,188 POW). Archiv konen vydal dkaz", "Nov tajemstv mue, kter zabil Reinharda Heydricha", "The Puzzling Death of Reinhard Heydrich", http://aktualne.centrum.cz/domaci/spolecnost/clanek.phtml?id=746282, "List of people executed in Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp", "Radio Prague Heroes or Cowards? WebLt Gen Timothy Maude became the highest-ranking officer killed by foreign action since Gen Buckner when a passenger plane crashed into the Pentagon on 9/11. Two others were also wounded by fragments of the same grenade Kubi, the Czech soldier who threw the grenade, and a bystander but neither was reported to have shown any sign of poisoning. WebThe casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. According to the report of General George Marshall issued in 1945 the "breakdown of German and Italian losses against American, British, and French forces" in the war in Europe was as follows: Source of figures: Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945[106], (A) 252,415 Germans and Italians were captured in Tunisia[107] According to the Imperial War Museum Following the Italian surrender in 1943, 100,000 Italians volunteered to work as 'co-operators'. CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1989. Gabk and Kubi waited at the tram stop at the junction between the road then known as Kirchmayerova tda, and V Holeovikch, in Prague 8-Libe near Bulovka Hospital. WebOn September 29-30, 1941, SS and German police units and their auxiliaries, under the jurisdiction of Einsatzgruppe C, murdered the Jewish population of Kiev at Babi Yar, a Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. [3][4], Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000[5][6] to 500,000. We will never surrender, you hear? [48], Heydrich's condition while hospitalized was not documented in detail, but he was not noted to have developed any of the distinctive symptoms associated with botulism, which have a gradual onset, invariably including paralysis, with death generally resulting from respiratory failure. This figure is included in the schedule above. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses (in 1937 German borders) directly related to the war range between 5.5[149] to 6.9 million persons. [38] The surgeons reinflated the collapsed left lung, removed the tip of the fractured 11th rib, sutured the torn diaphragm, inserted several catheters, and removed the spleen, which contained a grenade fragment and upholstery. What happened when the Nazi generals turned themselves in, 75 [11] However, the position of the German government, the German Federal Agency for Civic Education and the German Red Cross is that the death toll in the expulsions is between 2.0 and 2.5 million civilians. by tigre 13 Feb 2008, 22:47, Post Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. by tigre 07 Mar 2008, 22:20, Post On 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate by reciting a part of one of his father's operas: The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. German The Anthropoid Operation Memorial, 2009, Prague, authors: sculptor David Mojescik and sculptor Michal Smeral; architects: M. Tumova and J. Gulbis. He pointed out that this was the case of some Germans in American and British hospitals. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in the Cathedral of Sts Cyril and Methodius (until 1935 the Karel Boromejsky Church)[60] a cathedral of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church in Prague. [41] Despite the fever, his recovery appeared to progress well. A September 1942 declaration by the French National Committee suggested that the agreement was void ab initio as it had come about under threat of aggression and recognizing no changes in Czechoslovakia's borders since 1938.[72][73]. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Web6 Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945..
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