Legal. Social stratification and inequality. According to this belief, people born into poverty can lift themselves up by the bootstraps and become successful if they work hard enough. They argued that stratification is inevitable across all societies. Functionalists might criticise the feminist theory by arguing that the differential roles of men and women are ascribed based on necessity rather than inequality. It is likely your client is experiencing: Which of the following is true regarding the health of African Americans? As per Walby (1989), what are the six key structures as the root of a gender stratification system characterised by inequality? (2002). Although you might be tempted to answer brain surgery, if no coal were mined, much of our society could not function. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Finally, the functionalist explanation might make sense up to a point, but it does not justify the extremes of wealth and poverty found in the United States and other nations. According to the Oxford Languages dictionary, patriarchy is a societal or governmental system in which men hold power. COUN 5100 Chap 25 Test Questions.docx - Chapter 25: Holland, J. We use three theories to analyse the importance of education and credentials in recruitment decisions in European graduate labour markets: human capital (HC), network capital (NC) and reputational capital (RC) theory. 1 - The existence of hierarchy indicates that society is characterised by inequality. For example, which is more important, doing brain surgery or mining coal? At a minimum, they can heavily influence the law, the media, and other institutions in a way that maintains societys class structure. One of the most important beliefs in the United States is the American Dream, epitomized by the story of Abraham Lincoln. It ignores the fact that the American Dream is rapidly becoming unattainable for an increasing number of Americans, whether employed or not (Block, et. According to Weber, the three dimensions of stratification are: Name a strength of the feminist theory of stratification. According to conflict theory, stratification results from lack of opportunity and discrimination against the poor and people of color. True or false? Many detailed, insightful sociological books on the lives of the urban and rural poor reflect the symbolic interactionist perspective (Anderson, 1999; C. M. Duncan, 2000; Liebow, 1993; Rank, 1994). Poverty is discussed later in this chapter, but for now it is sufficient to say that the poor often lead lives of quiet desperation and must find many ways of coping with the fact of being poor. The culture of poverty. In explaining poverty in the United States, which view, individualist or structural, makes more sense to you? Marx did not foresee the extent to which these beliefs would impede the development of class consciousness in the United States. Certain tasks in society are more valuable than others (for example, doctors or lawyers). According to conflict theory, stratification results from lack of opportunity and discrimination against the poor and people of color. In reality, there are still many structural factors that cause inequalities among different social groups. As later chapters in this book document, racial and ethnic discrimination, lack of adequate schooling and health care, and other problems make it difficult to rise out of poverty. In another example, which job is more important, attorney or professor? Why is stratification by social class considered theprimary system of stratification? Although you might be tempted to answer with brain surgery, if no coal were mined then much of our society could not function. Why? The five main theories of social stratification are: A strength of the functionalist theory of social stratification is that accounts for which aspect of stratification? Coming apart: The state of white America, 19602010. The Weberian theory of stratification is based on two key ideas: the distribution of social resources, and the social inequality that's caused by the unequal distribution of those resources. In slave societies, the dominant ideology, and one that at least some slaves accepted, was that slaves are inferior to their masters and deserve no better fate in life. The former take advantage of their position at the top of society to stay at the top, even if it means oppressing those at the bottom. Examples of the symbolic interactionist framework are also seen in the many literary works and films that portray the difficulties that the rich and poor have in interacting on the relatively few occasions when they do interact. al., 2010). True or false? Four examples of stratification systems are stratification by: Stratification is a system of classification of social groups, organised into a hierarchy. According to symbolic interactionism, social class affects how people interact in everyday life and how they view certain aspects of the social world. How many social stratification theories are there? We review what these perspectives say generally about social stratification (rankings of people based on wealth and other resources a society values) before turning to explanations focusing specifically on poverty. Differentiation is the process of distinguishing between different identities and their associated roles. As an example, Marx called religion the opiate of the masses. By this he meant that religious beliefs influence the poor to feel that their fate in life is Gods will or a test of their belief in God. According to survey evidence, the majority of Americans share this belief (Davidson, 2009). Different social groups have different life chances, depending on their positions in society. In your sessions, you find that he has an embedded belief that same-sex attraction is abnormal/wrong and that it is better to be heterosexual. It strikes at the soul (Blow, 2011). Social Categorization Overview & Theory - Study.com This means that people's economic rankings have the most impact on their lives and social statuses compared with other forms of inequality, like those related to gender, ethnicity, or age. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. We'll start by reminding ourselves of what stratification and differentiation are. Postmodernism moves away from explaining differentiation and stratification solely in economic terms, framing their occurrence as a result of life choices instead of life chances. Suppose you could wave a magic wand and invent a society where everyone had about the same income no matter which job he or she performed. For example, which is more important, doing brain surgery or mining coal? Recall from Chapter 1 Sociology and the Sociological Perspective that functionalist theory assumes that the various structures and processes in society exist because they serve important functions for societys stability and continuity. Contexts, 5(2), 1420. The very rich do not need mansions or other very opulent homes, and neither do they need a motor vehicle costing upward of $100,000 or more or jewelry costing thousands and thousands of dollars. However, she points out that there are intersectional differences - women with different class, ethnic, and sexual backgrounds will experience these structures differently. Causes Of Stratification Of African Americans - 229 Words | 123 Help Me (This example is very hypothetical, but please keep reading.) Counselors can address their discomfort with disabilities in clients by, One way to reduce the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in families is to, Increase awareness through public education. If they hold such beliefs, they will neither blame their poverty on the rich nor rebel against them. The postmodern theory of social stratification argues that class is no longer relevant to sociology analysis. Small, M. L., Harding, D. J., & Lamont, M. (2010). The general understanding of differentiation is that different statuses come with different levels of, More about Social Stratification Theories, Social Construction of Health and Illness, Representation of Social Class In The Media, Distribution of Wealth, Poverty, and Income in the UK, Theoretical Approaches to Welfare Providers. True or false? Social categorization is a large part of social identity theory, which emerged during the 1970s as a way of explaining group behaviors based on how the group perceives itself in relation to those . Explain the focus of symbolic interactionist work on poverty. Elementary school teachers do a very important job in our society, but their salaries are much lower than those of sports agents, advertising executives, and many other people whose jobs are far less essential. In line with this view, functionalist theorists in sociology assume that stratification exists because it also serves important functions for society. Stratification is a process whereby different groups are ranked differently in a given society. The key goal of the ruling class here is to prevent the poor from achieving class consciousness, or an awareness of their oppression and the true reasons for it (Marx & Engels, 1947). Recent forms of feminism take an intersectional approach which accounts for various forms of inequality that interact with gender. There are five main theories on social stratification: What are some examples of social stratification? Functionalism fails to explain inequalities brought about by discrimination based on identity markers such asgender, ethnicity or age. 1. Bagdikian, B. H. (1964). Firestone (1970) was a radical feminist who argued that gender stratification is the result of biology. The functional theory of stratification: Some neglected considerations. And if we must have stratification, then that means some people will have much less money than other people. Second, the functionalist explanation implies that the most important jobs have the highest incomes and the least important jobs the lowest incomes, but many examples, including the ones just mentioned, counter this view. Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women, and people of color. Parsons (1959) gives the example of role allocation in the traditional nuclear family, wherein he argues that: Davis & Moore (1945) pioneered one of the most influential (but controversial) structural-functionalist perspectives on social stratification. True or false? Some national survey data support this assumption. Social and Cultural Issues Final Exam Flashcards | Quizlet AlterNet. Murray, C. (2012). Unlike the functionalist and conflict views, it does not try to explain why we have stratification in the first place. Do you think it would be difficult to persuade enough people to become physicians or to pursue other important careers? Theories of stratification and differentiation seek to understand why these phenomena exist in society and whether they are inevitable. Then, we'll take a look at the various main theories which explain the prevalence of hierarchies in society: And finally, the postmodernist theory of social stratification. Cultural Sidelining: How Campus Cultures across University Contexts
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