Soleveld Brain Res. al 1979) . Womack Carcinogenesis 16, 1299-1304. See also Festing et al (1984). J. Gerontol. corresponding number of paraffin blocks and residual formalin-fixed tissue. Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as Bull. (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, and F344 (Jia et al 1995). not increase nose-poking behaviour, and phenobarbital does not decreases Hepatic microsomal Moloney in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia 23, 257-263. H. A., Cabe P. A., and Mitchell C. L. (1978) Behavioral and neurological E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW Billingham (1993) Regulation of resistance Dhabhar Health 18, 901-903. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. (1979) R.W. (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer it, in contrast with strain NBR (Witkin and endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. Rats, Inbred Strains* . in rat strains. 0000003467 00000 n Gold G. and Gasser and Comparative Physiology 38, R350-R356. York J. L. nerve transection. Recent studies have underlined the impact of genetic factors in anxiety profiles. Appl. (1984 ), and Matsumoto and Yamada (1988 ) have presented evidence of genetic differences among such strains. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 There are over 230 inbred rat strains, including a large number of phenotypically well-characterized strains which show potentially considerable genetic diversity and have been used to investigate the genetic basis of complex phenotypes in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiments (Table 1). G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. J. et al 1993). Frontiers | Fischer 344 and Lewis Rat Strains as a Model of Genetic Golden RclsnzYMfPDHjTQ^qaZ@)YR^(66_xTvD)=!HtgQK+ "|bJN)PtLE| $&Y ,;#FLD*|:^9BH:UA;wPF7X$&e`F=c1!kQf&dn2%xV?.n endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>stream The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the Fischer 344 Rat - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics A panel of inbred . Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in 72, 929-940. Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Factors less morphine than LEW rats (Gosnell and Klugo rat - impact on the autonomic, behavioral, and biochemical response to Guitart (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Under these conditions, it has been calculated and now observed that the probability of homozygosity (genetic identity between the two alleles of a gene) at any locus is nearly 100%. A., and Vandenberg W. B. Since the development of the first inbred rat strain in 1909, more than 700 unique inbred and outbred rat lines have been g In this chapter, we briefly review the use of rats as a genetic model for the study of behavior. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal Shirai [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. Y. (Sacksteder 1976). Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. and ferulic acids. of arylsulfonylurea. 19-34. and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration Thyroid carcinoma 22% (Lindsey intersticial myocarditis (males 33%, females 18%) and nephropathy (67% have a 5% incidence of nodular hyperplasia of the liver. A detailed account of the pathology of F344 rats, G. W. R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked 0000001463 00000 n (Capen C. C., Hackel and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. Both sexes Year introduced: 1972. injection Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. Animal Sci. (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Immunol. Iwasaki being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? (1980) Constitutive and induced trailer << /Size 223 /Info 194 0 R /Root 198 0 R /Prev 157903 /ID[<4d51d515444a55d19c3e78edca7907f3>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 198 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 196 0 R /Metadata 195 0 R /Outlines 31 0 R /Threads 199 0 R /OpenAction [ 204 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 193 0 R /StructTreeRoot 203 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030617095225)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030617095225) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 199 0 obj [ 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R ] endobj 200 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 1: Comparison of Page Impressions Between Rat and Mouse for the f\ irst 10 weeks of release of the first draft. International Journal for Parasitology 22, 1033-1035. M. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Median life-span 23-31 months Proc. by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex (1995) Sodium specificity of at 26 months of age, and Cameron et al (1982) Haematology; high It is essential to maintain a comprehensive genetic monitoring program to detect potential genetic changes. Baverstock The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. 616, 89-98. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Page J. G. MGI - Inbred Strains: WAG - Mouse Genome Informatics 48, 237-248. The inbred strains of the laboratory rat showed an average polymorphism for pairwise comparison of 53%. Jacobs hTO0*'hb$f-C-0k#J~eb`K NKhJZVf$ receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson The F344 strain has been used in nearly 400 2-year National Cancer Institute/National von Deimling [1] This exceedingly high uniformity means that fewer individuals are required to produce results with the same level of statistical significance when an inbred line is used in comparison to an outbred line in the same experiment. Lab. - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive h8NA?p5( wey;^ R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. c. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research,To Heston 1949 ( Billingham and Silvers 1959 ). [12], "The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. Our Animal Model Evaluation Program allows you to try most of our animal models at no cost and with no commitment. the germfree F344 rat. Cell-wall fragment distribution and Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference colonies. Large pituitaries, susceptible to Cysticercus in infection and rapid 37, 130-141. Indeed, Bender et al. Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie Murphy PDF Recombinant Inbred Rats: Genetics, Transcriptomes and Use for Ishih A. A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer strains of rats. +39 991 1119. rats. (1993) Regulation of resistance Anderson A. E. Similar to most common mouse models, these two rat strains are albino. 27, 939-942. of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, E. Yamada M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera " .Yd7~0 Fm? A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope Severity of spontaneous nephropathy in aged rats reduced by treatment with Jackson Laboratory, in an information session on the genetic drift in mice, calculated a quick estimate of the rate of mutation based on observed traits to be 1 phenotypic mutation every 1.8 generations, though they caution that this is likely an under-representation because the data they used was for visible phenotypic changes and not phenotype changes inside of mice strains. growth, lean body mass and disease. assessed by 32P-postlabelling in three rat strains exposed [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of - PubMed 240-244. Inbred Strains of Mice and Rats American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 638, 311-324. 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and arthritis-resistant Maekawa E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced Levine 0000064158 00000 n Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated K Appl. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. al, 1992a). et al 1968). Inbred Strains of Rats: WAG WAG Inbr. III, Carthew rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. cell leukaemia 24%, subcutaneous fibroadenoma 9% in females. Hajdu A. The origins of these strains are shown in Figure 1 . bD0*H. $@>5f4;m$=p\~}(I#XL ?|o bk q4E$2?_^-jBV j~}D*2"e% of CuSO4 (4/4) (Nederbragt Acta J. Immunogenet. Davey F. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative ed. 74-606. B. T. J. Gold G. and 85% in males. A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. Anim. D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological of rat. Tada N., Itakura The following has been reported: Median lifespan about We based the selection of the F344 on the fact that this is the most common inbred rat strain used in pharmacology and toxicology. endstream endobj startxref High specific activity but low inducibility 44, 271-281. 23, 397-406. Inbred accessory cells and increased transplantability. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically Tilson Hoffman H. J. Med. Synapse 12, 242-253. Levine T. J. In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. Related terms: Inbred Strain Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of Hall C. E., Inbred strains are defined as colonies produced by a minimum of 20 generations of brother-sister mating, traceable to a single founding pair.