COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet Leaders use tactical mission task graphics and control measures (Refer to ADRP 1-02 for more information.) Higher commanders use boundaries to define their platoons and companies' areas of operations. Another critical step was checking the weather for the evening. Higher headquarters information, he determines how the enemy is (or might be) arrayed. How will obstacles and terrain affect the movement or maneuver of the unit? Using the product from generating options, the leader then determines what combinations of Soldiers, weapons, and other systems are needed to accomplish each task. Is the enemy controlling this key terrain? A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. CCIRs also helps focus the efforts of subordinates and aids in the allocation of resources. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. A-59. Both the COA statement and sketch focus at the decisive point. On this day, he made the decision to shut down and wait for the weather to pass. COA analysis begins with both friendly and enemy COA and, using a method of action-reaction-counteraction war game, results in a synchronized friendly plan, identified strengths and weaknesses, and updated risk assessment. To identify additional control requirements. How and when they do so depends on when they receive information as well as on their experience and preferences. If the benefits of performing the mission do not significantly outweigh the inherent risks of marginal/borderline weather, the flight should be a no-go or implement alternate transportation to accomplish the mission safely. Enemy coa statement and sketch the purpose of this - Course Hero The COA covers the operational factors of who, what, when, where, and how, and must show from start to finish how the unit will accomplish the mission. He uses these factors, gained from his relational combat power analysis matrix, as his frame of reference in tentatively selecting the best COA. They must assess if the new information affects their missions and plans. A-40. PDF Sketch Recognition for Course of Action Diagrams Visual Aids How do I gain or maintain control of key terrain? Once he briefs the enemy analysis to his subordinates, he must ensure they understand differences between what he knows, what he suspects, and what he just templates (estimates). Back on the ground with both flights shut down, we secured the aircraft and headed back to the TOC to check with Air Force weather regarding improved visibility later in the evening. Tactical considerations in analyzing key terrain. Course of Action Statement and Sketch Flashcards | Quizlet | GTA 07-10-003 A leader may take as much time as needed, while still adhering to the one-third/two-thirds rule. The result of the COA development process is paragraph 3 of the OPORD. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org Course of Action Development, Offense Just because the report you receive says you have legal weather, don't always assume it is accurate. Little effort is needed to enhance mobility, but units might have to zigzag or make frequent detours. Second, leaders confirm the missions decisive point. Purposes of critical warfighting functions elements. Poorly developed road systems may hamper logistical or rear area movement. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? Terrain analysis should produce several specific conclusions : A-58. To determine conditions and resources required for success. Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. The leader must avoid unnecessary complicated mission command structures and maintain unit integrity where feasible. "Send two Soldiers to assist in the loading of ammunition. Unless given the benefit of information collection, his situation template is only an estimate of how the enemy might be disposed. How do our forces build national will in our area of operations? _____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT CBRN operations usually favor the upwind force. This time we were lucky, we arrived without having to use the emergency GPS approach. Finally, he must update previous timelines for his subordinates, listing all events affecting the platoon and its subordinate elements. The S-3 informed us where friendly forces were in our area, while the S-2 filled us in on where the action was in our battle space. How can I take advantage of the limited illumination? Leaders also must determine if terrain is decisive. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? The platoon leader begins mission analysis when receiving the mission. Commanders should limit their CCIRs to essential information. How does the operation affect the civilians? Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. Leaders in small units primarily use the COA statement and COA sketch to describe the concept of the operation. Although the battle captain knew the environmental conditions, he told us we had legal weather and expected us to accomplish the mission. Also, unit leaders who study the history of civic culture can better understand and explain to others how and why the people have fought previous wars and conflicts. At the hangar, the crews continued loading the utility vehicles with necessary supplies and equipment for the mission. When possible, the observer conducts a ground reconnaissance from both enemy and friendly perspectives. Where can I support the movement of a friendly force with mortar, medium machine gun, or Javelin? This is key terrain which seizure, retention, or control is necessary for mission accomplishment. A-53. A-109. Suitable. A-35. The reason units are arrayed as shown on the sketch. It enables him, A-123. Once identified, risk must be reduced through controls. They must clearly understand their immediate higher up intent from the OPORD. A-68. A-104. Leaders should know the disposition, composition, strength, and capabilities of their forces one and two levels down. If a solution does not exist, the leader must develop one. At company level and below, leaders develop a graphic terrain analysis overlay. I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. If a leader identifies terrain as decisive, this means he recognizes seizing or retaining it is necessary to accomplish the mission. We decided to return to the airfield at that point because once we passed the light source, we wouldn't be able to see much of anything. Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. Leaders analysis must determine the types of vehicles, Soldiers, and equipment the enemy could use against his unit. He must know, how much indirect fire, by type, is available and when it will become available. PPTX Slide 1 He should be familiar with the basic characteristics of the units and platforms identified. Some temperature considerations include: A-65. War gaming, depending on how much time is devoted to planning, provides. This may include or be limited to adjusting the COA to better address risk. What is the supply status of ammunition, water, fuel (if required), and other necessary items? A-41. For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. There four goals include. Leaders assign responsibility for each task to a subordinate. Avenues of approach are classified by type (mounted, dismounted, air, or subterranean), formation, and speed of the largest unit traveling on it. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. Notes COA statement must clearly portray how the unit You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have . The leader should focus his efforts to develop at least one well-synchronized COA; if time permits, he should develop several. ATP 2-01.3 for more information. COA analysis allows the leader to synchronize his assets, identify potential hazards, and develop a better understanding of the upcoming operation. Where will the enemy establish firing lines or support by fire positions? Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. In order to make the creation of COA diagrams eortless for the user, interaction must occur eortlessly and the interface should be invisible to the user. How can friendly and enemy forces use the available cover and concealment? COA Development Steps - PowerPoint PPT Presentation A-87. Will wind speed and direction affect the employment of available mortars? The leader, based on his initial analysis of METT-TC, his situational awareness, his vision, and insight into how such factors can affect the unit's mission, should visualize where, when, and how his unit's ability to generate combat power (firepower, protection, maneuver, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's abilities to generate combat power. Our visibility was rapidly deteriorating and, to make matters worse, we had only a single light source in the distance to determine our visibility. How the COA accounts for minimum essential stability tasks. He begins TLP Step 3 after he issues his own WARNORD, and after he has received companys third WARNORD, or until he has enough information to proceed. The COA statement specifies how the unit will accomplish the mission. You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. Partial cloud cover can cause glare, a condition attacking aircraft might use to conceal their approach to the target. A-116. It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. I kept an eye on the dust cloud and the instrument panel at the same time, which wasn't a good idea because I soon became disoriented. New facts and new or updated . The battle captain instructed us to at least attempt to fly to our first stop. Categories of terrain, severely restricted terrain which severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility. He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about Coa Statement And Sketch Example digitalpictures If the method isn't listed, select other. A-78. These may be indigenous, come from a third country or U.S. agencies. The decisive point might be the event or action (with respect to terrain, enemy, or time, and generation of combat power) will ultimately and irreversibly lead to the unit achieving its purpose. Reinforcing obstacles are constructed, emplaced, or detonated by military force . For armored forces, restricted terrain typically means moderate to steep slopes or moderate to dense spacing of obstacles such as trees, rocks, or buildings. One technique is to use the warfighting functions as a checklist to address every significant element the enemy brings to the fight. Given more time, they might analyze the remainder of their platoons area of operation and area of interest. Sustaining operation purposes relate directly to those of the decisive and shaping operations. A-95. Leaders constantly receive information, from the time they begin planning through execution. Without determining a valid decisive point, the leader cannot begin to develop a valid or tactically sound COA. Similarly, shaping operation purposes must relate directly to those of the decisive operation. The COA statement details how the unit's operation supports the next higher leader's operation, the decisive point and why it is decisive, the form of maneuver or type of defensive mission, and operational framework. area of operation as well as the doctrinal requirements for each specified task might reveal the implied tasks. When analyzing terrain, leaders consider manmade features and effects on natural terrain features and climate. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. Conclusions include at least the following : Obstacles The terrain, however, may favor defending or attacking. The graphic depiction of terrain can be a photograph, overlay for a map sheet, or a terrain model. When integrated with terrain, the refined product becomes the unit's operations overlay. Will the sun rise behind my attack or in my eyes? For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. Existing obstacles, man-made include towns; canals; railroad embankments; buildings; power lines; telephone lines. Extremes of temperature and humidity reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special shelter or equipment. A-111. A-29. The leader identifies critical conclusions about visibility factors such as light data, fog, and smog; and about battlefield obscurants such as smoke and dust. Concept Statement & Sketch - YouTube What terrain is important to the enemy and why? Leaders who analyze the ethnic dynamics of their area of operation can best apply combat power, shape maneuver with information related capabilities, and ultimately find the common denominator all ethnic varieties have in common and focus unit efforts at it. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. If necessary, how can I avoid such features? At the lower levels, leaders conduct their mission analyses by evaluating METT-TC. What is the present physical condition of Soldiers (morale, sleep)? Cover and concealment can be either part of the environment or something brought in by the unit to create the desired effect : A-57. We had passengers, field Soldiers, aircrew and our aircraft to consider. Analyzing the unit's current location in relation to future He also determines the sustainment aspects of the COA. What are all likely enemy avenues into my area of operations? A-86. Cloud cover affects ground operations by limiting illumination and solar heating of targets. These significant deductions drive the planning process and execution of operations. The initial commander's intent describes the purpose of the operation, initial key tasks, and the desired end state. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. A-76. Based on the S-2s assessment and enemy's doctrine and current location, the leader must determine the enemy's capabilities. The relative-force ratio is a correlation of friendly combat power and. In analyzing the enemy, the leader must understand the A-94. This terrain generally allows wide maneuver and offers unlimited travel over well-developed road networks. Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target-acquisition positions. Heavy snow cover can reduce the efficiency of many communication systems as well as degrade the effects of many munitions and air operations. Then, using doctrinal requirements as a guide, the leader assigns purposes and tasks to decisive, and shaping, and sustaining operations. FRAGORDs. After identifying these avenues, the leader evaluates each and determines its importance. Generate Options He must not take these as facts. Other systems? Leaders identify all constraints the OPORD places on their units' ability to execute their missions. A-115. If executed, the COA accomplishes the mission consistent with the higher commander's concept and intent. A-26. This is known as "arraying forces" or "assigning troops to task." OAKOC. PPT - Course of Action Development (MDMP) PowerPoint Presentation, free These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. Definition. Many Eastern cultures rely upon religious organizations as their centers of power and influence, whereas Western culture's power comes from political institutions by elected officials. By defining organizations within the community, leaders can understand what groups have power and influence over their own smaller communities and what groups can assist our forces. Will wind speed and direction favor enemy use of obscurants? A-56. Immediate higher headquarters (one level up) mission, intent, and concept. The need for control measures, such as checkpoints, contact points, and target registration points, aid in control, flexibility, and synchronization. (a) The decisive point method employs the following steps: Determine the decisive point and the results to be achieved there. Examples of critical events that can be identified in advance for a defensive operation are reward passage of counter reconnaissance forces, commitment of the reserve, displacement of forces,. Soon we had turned back and all the instruments were reading straight and level. However, they must conduct their own detailed analyses to determine how terrain and weather uniquely affects their units' missions and the enemy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each avenue? Gaining local support can best be accomplished by the leader who demonstrates dignity and respect to the civilian population he is charged to protect and train. CBRN. He need not wait for a complete OPORD before starting to develop his own tentative plan. Template events and analyze them for their political, economic, psychological, environmental, and legal implications. A-124. The C634A2 course of action statement and sketch (COA S&S) is an individual assignment worth 20% of the overall C600 grade. A-101. Lessons Learned Table A-1 shows recommended situation template items. How can the enemy use each avenue of approach? A-77. Heavy cloud cover often canalizes aircraft within air avenues of approach and on the final approach to the target. Leaders look at the terrain, foliage, structures, and other features along avenues of approach (and on objectives or key terrain) to identify sites offering cover (protection from the effects of direct and indirect fire) and concealment (protection from observation). Although he usually does not prepare IPB products for his subordinates, he must be able to use the products of the higher headquarters IPB. ), Table A-1. A-34. Where am I vulnerable? AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 3:. An avenue of approach is an air or ground route of an attacking force leading to an objective or key terrain. 1 / 38. When the mission window passed, he canceled the mission. From the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) developed by higher headquarters, leaders already appreciate the general nature of the ground and effects of weather. This should include at least the employment of reserves, CBRN weapons, artillery or mortar locations and ranges, and reconnaissance assets. Selecting of movement techniques and formations, to include when to transition to tactical maneuver. What would you have done in our situation? 7. Precipitation affects soil trafficability, visibility, and functioning of many electro-optical systems. They also must understand leaders' intent (two levels up). Consider all nonmilitary groups or institutions in the area of operation. A-27. The next day, we were then able to make it back to our home base, but not without encountering a slight amount of bad weather along the way. A-107. EENT, moonrise, moonset, and percentage of illumination. Relying on the technology rather than my senses, I transitioned inside to the instruments and noticed our nose starting to rise and our airspeed slowing. A-122. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. A-100. He locates intervisibility lines (ridges or horizons which can hide equipment or personnel from observation). A-114. Other critical conditions to consider include visibility and weather data, and events such as higher headquarters tasks and required rehearsals. Click the card to flip . Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. The product of this process is the synchronization matrix. Can I observe and fire on his location with at least two-thirds of my combat power? Course-of-Action Development and Analysis - GlobalSecurity.org What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? Strength An example of a (partial) sketch of a course of action. Leaders find their units' purposes in the concepts of the operation in the immediate higher headquarters OPORDs. As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation. Leaders must continually improve their situational understanding The operations purpose usually matches or achieves the purpose of the immediate higher headquarters. Not only does it facilitate planning, but it also aids in briefing subordinates. (Refer to ", A-33. Leaders capture their understanding of what their units are to accomplish in their revised mission statements. The leader should clearly explain what the decisive point is to his subordinate leaders and why it is decisive; this objective, in conjunction with his commander's intent, facilitates subordinate initiative. Order Description . What is the unit's training status and experience relative to the mission? The COA sketch should identify how the unit intends to focus the effects of overwhelming combat power at the decisive point. They must understand why their leaders one level up assigned their unit's particular purposes. They influence and interact with the populace, force, and each other. However, as time permits, he can develop as many COA, for comparison purposes, as time allows. STEP 3 - Course of action development Flashcards Preview - Brainscape Categories of terrain, unrestricted terrain free of restrictions to movement, so no actions are needed to enhance mobility. The leader identifies critical factors about cloud cover, including limits on illumination and solar heating of targets. The leader then determines the tactical mission tasks for the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. MDMP Step 3: COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet This is why the leader must develop a tactically sound and flexible plan. The first example, which describes the process in detail, is a continuation of the exercise design . What is the composition of the enemy's reinforcing obstacles? Tactical risk is associated with hazards existing due to the enemy's presence. Mission analysis answers the four questions of the leader's visualization: The following video explains step 3 of the Troop Leading Procedures. This understanding makes it possible to exercise disciplined initiative. Cabanatuan Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines to convey the operation in a doctrinal context. Essential Task. The object is to determine what can go wrong and what decision the leader likely will have to make as a result. Priority intelligence requirements are information a leader needs to know about terrain or enemy to make a critical decision. COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. A-82. The leader must thoroughly understand when, where, and how the enemy prefers or tends to use his assets. Categories of terrain, restricted terrain hindering movement somewhat. Offensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: How is the enemy using obstacles and restricted terrain features? Step 4: Develop the Sketch and Statement As with friendly COAs, enemy COAs are best framed using statements and sketches. For each COA, the leader thinks through the operation from start to finish. Using the results of all previous analyses done during mission analysis, the leader compares his unit's combat power strengths and weaknesses with those of the enemy. Some additional visibility considerations include: Read the following vignette to learn more about the visibility aspect of weather. A-50. Understanding these patterns helps leaders plan and execute information collection, combat operations, and logistical resupply. This characteristic addresses terrain analysis from a civilian perspective. He includes the requirements of indirect fire to support the maneuver. COA Statement and Sketch. On another mission, we were told we had legal weather, the forecaster reporting three miles visibility. Leaders prepare a graphic depiction of terrain to help explain their findings about the effects of terrain and weather on the mission. As addressed in step 1 of the TLP, time analysis is a critical aspect to planning, preparation, and execution. OAKOC This situation template is portrayed one echelon lower than developed by the higher headquarters S-2. The sequence can vary. Time analysis is often the first thing a leader does. The impact on civilians. For example, an armor heavy task force organized with three armor and one STEP 5 Complete the course of action by preparing a statement and sketch. Defensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: Where does the enemy want to go? The leader must answer these questions: Precipitation It is not merely a calculation and comparison of friendly and enemy weapons numbers or units with the aim of gaining a numerical advantage. Events The decisive point might orient on terrain, enemy, time, or a combination of these. Leaders must know more than just the number and types of vehicles, Soldiers, and weapons the enemy has.