Other primary considerations include. Individual animals should be identified in a consistent and recordable manner (e.g., tags, cage cards, microchips, tattoos). The comments of 2 anonymous reviewers, which improved the manuscript, are appreciated. = 7, P < 0.01). During the 2nd phase of the study, 27 March 2002 to the respective end dates, males and females were housed in pairs (Table 2). Feeders must allow easy access to food, and soiling by urine and feces must be prevented. WebThere are a number of pieces of legislationand codes of practice which deal with thehusbandry and care of dogs (see Appendix 1).Although the various guidelines all Do not handle an infant if the dam is in the process of moving it or attending to it. XI. Seasonality of reproduction.Based on a summary of the births at 48 intemational institutions, captive bush dogs showed no evidence of reproductive seasonality (Table 3). WebDogs should be handled using a leash. WebLesser Bush Baby Husbandry Guidelines Follow Us Introductory Text If youd like to add an intro, add your text here. Males do not directly participate in caring for the offspring. If the infant is in danger or left alone too long it will emit distress calls which quickly summon the mother. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4.7%, and the interassay coefficients of variation for 3 separate internal controls were 4.6%, 4.3%, and 5.5%. FeedingAnimals shall be fed palatable and nutritionally adequate food daily or according to their particular needs. KAREN E. DEMATTEO WildCare Institute - University of Missouri SafetyProviding a secure enclosure that addresses physical safety, fear, and stress;Food and waterProviding easy access to food and water;Biological needsMaintaining appropriate body temperature, permitting urination and defecation, ensuring timely waste removal, and, as appropriate, facilitating or preventing reproduction;CleanlinessKeeping animals dry and clean, depending on species requirements;RestraintAvoiding unnecessary physical restraint; andBehaviorEnsuring the animals' ability to engage in normal species behavior. endstream endobj startxref %PDF-1.5 % They may make their own, open-topped nest, or take over an uninhabited bird nest, mat of foliage, or tree hollow. bush dog husbandry guidelines Feeding and watering devices should be easily accessible for filling, changing, cleaning, and servicing. F1 developed metastatic cancer in the spleen, and required euthanasia on 18 July 2002. When climatic conditions pose a threat to the animals health or well-being, taking into consideration its age, breed, overall health status, and acclimation, then appropriate measures must be taken to alleviate the impact of those conditions. Although mature females do not require male presence to initiate estrus, male presence significantly shortens the interestrous interval. Activity starts right around sunset and ends around dawn with the most active periods are right after dark and directly preceding dawn (Molez 1976; Doyle & Bearder 1977). Helping students recognize professional skills in our courses, Photoluminescence in mammal fur: 111 years of research, In Memoriam: Norman Curtiss Negus (19262022), About the American Society of Mammalogists, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-342R1.1, http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/R/index.html, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Both aseasonal and seasonal (dependent on latitude), March, April, July, September, October, December, January, February, AprilJune, OctoberDecember, Copyright 2023 American Society of Mammalogists. American Veterinary Medical Foundation (AVMF), AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 7.8%, and the interassay coefficients of variation for 3 separate internal controls were 7.6%, 6.1%, and 7.4%. 1993; Kleiman 1968; Monfort et al. Porton et al. Attend topical CE meetings on subjects including animal welfare, wellbeing, economics, and public policy. The moving average (period = mean of 3 samples) for mean fecal estrogen and fecal progestin levels, and the 3-times-weekly vulva index for female 4. In addition, a nonparametric univariate autocorrelation (R-Package [v 4.0.6]Legendre et al. Seasonality of reproduction.Captive breeding records and behavioral research have shown that bush dogs in various environmental conditions do not have a single temporally specific annual breeding season as seen in temperate-latitude canids, but exhibit mating and births throughout the year (Kleiman 1968; Porton et al. Maned Wolf Husbandry Manual - Australasian Society of Zoo Webbush baby, (family Galagidae), also spelled bushbaby, also called galago, any of more than 20 species of small attractive arboreal primates native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twice-weekly fecal hormone data for fecal androgen levels for male 4. A Mount was not scored when a female's submissive roll resulted in the male only straddling or rubbing against her. Husbandry Manuals AZA Ungulates Ferret bags, hammocks, buckets, and other small nocturnal sleeping spots are offered and removed to be washed on a weekly basis. Fecal samples were collected twice per week (Tuesdays and Saturdays) from each male starting 2 months before pairing with a female through the respective end dates (Table 2). Controlling for male presence and using the Euclidean geometric distance, distance matrices for the 3 females at each of the 3 variables (fecal estrogens, fecal progestins, and vulva index) were generated. The floors are given a hot water rinse weekly and sanitized and scrubbed every 6 weeks. We determined significance of correlations with Kendall's tau (Sokal and Rohlf 1995). Husbandry of Practice for the Husbandry of Federation of Animal Science Societies, 1111 N Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, Illinois 61874. They live in nocturnal rooms with a 12-hour light cycle. A sampling frequency of 2 times per week was adequate for detecting pattems in male fecal androgen levels (Fig. Finally, Porton et al. When she does, quietly peek into the box to confirm if infants are present. Similarly, the nest box should only be removed from the cage if something is obviously wrong such as the presence of blood in the nest or a dead infant. Watering devices such as drinking tubes and automatic waterers should be examined routinely to ensure their proper operation. WebBush operated an animal rescue shelter on her seven acre property in a district zoned The breeding, raising, and care of dogs constitutes animal husbandry, as that term is used in R.C. The southem cone: Chile, Argentina, Umguay, Paraguay, Statistical tool for soil biology. A Mount was clearly distinguishable from a Copulatory Lock by the ability of the pair to move away from each other. Males did not show a seasonal pattern in testosterone production. 2004), artificial lighting was not needed to extend the natural day length at any time during the study. Husbandry Guidelines Natural History and Physical Webbush dog husbandry guidelines. A total of 13 sightings of infants, juveniles. Effect of the male on the female s reproductive cycle.In addition to having an effect on the duration of the sustained fecal progestin elevation, male presence significantiy reduced the interestrous interval, or cycle length (i.e., from the 1st significant fecal progestin increase of one cycle to 1st increase of the next). The guidelines in the husbandry manual benefit the subspecies in a number of ways. 1.2 The Code is based on the knowledge and technology available at the time of publication and may need to Husbandry Guidelines Birth cages should be made of the small x inch vinyl coated wire. Antelope Husbandry Manual: Alcelaphinae [Hartebeests and wildebeests], Lance Aubery, Randy RiechesPublished August 2001, Antelope Husbandry Manual: Reduncinae [Waterbucks and reedbucks], Gloria Kendall, Randy RiechesPublished May 1999, Antelope Husbandry Manual: Cephalophinae [Duikers], Gloria Kendall, Randy RiechesPublished January 2000, Duiker Husbandry GuidelinesFrom 2002 Bay, Black, and Red-flanked Duiker Studbook, Red-flanked duiker Husbandry Best Practices, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Lesser Kudu, Ian Goodwin, Jiri Hruby, Friederike von Houwald, Ulrike Rademacher, Beatrice Steck, Fabia WyssPublished 2018, Terry DeRosa, Fran Lyon, and Ann PetricPublished September 2004, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Burmese Brow-Antlered Deer, Dr. Matt Hartley and Ellis WallPublished 2018, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Tufted Deer, Janno Weerman & Wiene van de BuntePublished 2020, Martha Fischer and Steve ShurterPublished 2001, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Babirusa, Tim Rowlands, Amy Treanor. Bush Stone-Curlew Husbandry Manual - DocsLib The arrow indicates 27 March 2002, the date of male-female introductions. The current standard diet for G.Moholi at the DLC: 5 grams of low glycemic vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomatoes, carrots, red cabbage, cucumbers, lettuce, collards, kale, spinach, chard). First, we hypothesized that mature female bush dogs have aseasonal reproductive cycles separated by periods of anestms and that the occurrence of cycles requires the physical presence of a male, defined as direct, un-obstructed physical access (i.e., direct tactile, olfactory, visual. Second, we hypothesized that paired mature female bush dogs have an obligate pseudopregnancy after an infertile mating or ovulation without mating, a characteristic not seen in peripubertal female bush dogs. Because bush dogs are known to reproduce over a wide geographic range (approximately 11N27SEisenberg and Redford 1999; Macdonald 1995; Sillero-Zubiri et al. Keep track of product alerts for pet foods, animal feed, and products used by veterinarians or animal owners. With the exception of female (F) 1, the animals were fed a meat-based diet (Zoo Camivore Diet, Dallas Crown, Kaufman, Texas) daily. 86-23. en/Mixed exhibit Ursidae - zoorope Animals should be euthanatized when necessary only by qualified personnel, in accordance with recommendations in the current AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, and as permitted by law. WebDOG HUSBANDRY SOP 520.01 Dog Husbandry Page 1 of 3 1. Canids are generally considered monestrous, with each estrous cycle separated from the next by a period of relative ovarian quiescence, referred to as anestrus (Asa 1998; Asa and Valdespino 1998). Rooms should be washed the approximately 2 weeks before baby watch starts and then remain undisturbed for two weeks. Although the number (X = 9, range = 220, n = 26) of possible Copulatory Locks was similar to confirmed Copulatory Locks, the duration was shorter (X = 1 min, range = 0.5 4 min, n = 26), possibly because the pair was out of the camera's view part of the time (i.e., we had inaccurate starting or stopping time). A. F.. Strahl S. D. Silva J. L. Goldstein I. R.. Velloso A. L. Wasser S. K. Monfort S. L. Dietz J. M.. Wallace R. B. Painter R. L. E. Saldania A.. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. When water bottles are used, they should be appropriately sanitized. Bush dogs live within a social group of as many as 12 members. When hunting, usually at least two individuals are seen together, typically when hunting for large rodents. However, in more open areas it seems that a Bush dog will hunt alone for small rodents. Other non-nest material enrichment can be provided as usual. Exercise areas, runs, or pens should be considered for animals that will be held for long periods. Anything to encourage foraging, hunting, and other natural feeding behaviors. ("Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004) Females nurse their offspring for about 11 weeks though young may begin to catch insects at 4 weeks of age. Room air should not be recirculated unless it has been properly treated. Fecal androgens were measured using the Testosterone Active DSL-4000 (Diagnostic System Laboratories; Pelletier et al. In this study we focused on characterizing the reproductive cycle of the female bush dog by considering the pattern of gonadal hormone secretion, the number of estrous cycles per year, presence or absence of a seasonal pattern, and influence of the male's presence on the female reproductive cycle or reproductive characteristics. Areas for quarantine, isolation, or soiled equipment should be appropriately exhausted to avoid contamination. Three times weekly (e.g., Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday), during both phases of the study, the width (left to right dimension) and the depth (base to tip of the vulva dimension) were measured using calipers (Vemier Caliper, Manostat Corporation, Switzerland) to 0.5-mm precision. The Bushbabies can vary in their preferences of sleeping site types. 1987. NEZS Chester Zoo, Kate Edge and Francesca Ankers.Published 2018, AZA Tapir Taxon Advisory GroupPublished 2013, Manual Para Cuidado De Tapires(Spanish language version of ACM), EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Pygmy Hippopotamus, F. von Houwald, C. Wenker, G. Flacke, B. Steck, R. Osterballe, R. Viduna, and A. Matthews.Published 2020, Compiled by Paul Vercammen & Kim HabetsBreeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife Sharjah, UAE Published 2006, Lara Metrione and Adam EyresPublished 2014, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Greater One-horned Rhinoceros, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the White Rhinoceros, EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for Black Rhinoceros, Dr. Mark Pilgrim and Rebecca BiddlePublished 2020, Antelope, Cattle, Giraffid, and Camelid TAG, Giraffe Training Workshop - June 4-7, 2023, Giraffe Private Owner Workshop - Oct 1-4, 2023. Our practice is to feed twice a day, or even three, when possible. MATERIALS 3.1. They are one of the smallest primates and have a soft, yet thick, coat of greyish brown fur. Louis, Department of Biology, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA, Karen E. DeMatteo, Ingrid J. Porton, Devra G. Kleiman, Cheryl S. Asa, The Effect of the Male Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus) on the Female Reproductive Cycle, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 87, Issue 4, 24 August 2006, Pages 723732, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-342R1.1. Split the diet in 2 portions with the first portion fed at 12 PM just before lights out and the second fed as late in the day as possible. Frequent changes to the group should be avoided. The date that data collection ended for each pair is reported. 1998. 62 0 obj <>stream The most common housing arrangement at the DLC has been related female groups. Nature sounds or white noise machines and scent enrichment have also been used with varying levels of interest. 44 0 obj <> endobj Data were log-transformed to meet assumptions of the test. Preventive medicine areas for isolation of sick animals and quarantine of newly arriving animals should be provided where appropriate. Address: 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705Phone: (919) 401-7240. 15.22), the dhole (Cuon alpinus) (Fig. Scale 3.3. The bush dog's ability to raise young successfully throughout the year could be linked to its high sociality and cooperative hunting. hb```f``e`d`Z @f A =-%Q 2'`Hp`h`@H10{0d`t{W?.Di]@,0g0 e Although these cycles were considered physiologically relevant, they were eliminated from statistical analyses because of the lack of an end date. DEMATTEO 5 reversible male contraceptive in bush dogs (Speothos venaticus): open-ended vasectomy and microscopic reversal. 2001; Beccaceci 1994; Defler 1986; Silveira et al. 1). WebDOG HUSBANDRY SOP 520.01 Dog Husbandry Page 1 of 3 1. WebManuals This Husbandry Manual Register is in two parts; 1. AAHA canine life stage guidelines 2003]; Table 1), it has not been confirmed to date. Animal waste should be removed at least once daily, via collection, hosing, or flushing. 1987) and suggests that the bush dog is a highly social species that lives in extended family groups (Kleiman 1972; Macdonald 1996) and hunts in packs (Bridges 1954). An individual record should be prepared for each animal. Husbandry Guidelines In captivity, this species is most often housed with related female pairs, breeding pairs or dams and their offspring. First, nonparametric measures of association (SAS Institute Inc. 1996) were used to determine whether there were correlations among the 3 female variables associated with male presence.